It is often accepted as axiomatic that crime fiction is inhe essays

It is often accepted as axiomatic that crime fiction is inhe essays Why is this? What is the relationship between the form of crime fiction and its perceived reactionary status? Use at least two examples in your essay. In this essay I am going to describe how crime fiction is inherently reactionary while I take the counter argument into consideration. I shall be comparing and contrasting Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon and Henning Mankell's Faceless Killers. I shall also speak about the idea of a Hard-Boiled Detective, and how, if at all it applies to the subject matter. Crime fiction is based on the times in which it is written, it is a reflection of the society that it represents. This is, however, not always the case. Crime fiction in the form of movies, for example, in the 1980s, in the Steven Segal series of movies and the Lethal Weapon series shows that the only crimes worth depicting are crimes involving major drug dealers and how one man alone takes them down or in the case of Lethal weapon, two men alone!!! Contrasting Crime Fiction in the form of movies between the 1980s and the 1990s onwards brings with it some differences, in the 90s the hero is not after drug dealers, but instead he is after middle-eastern terrorists who has somehow caused the hero some grief, or inadvertently killed someone close to him. This depiction of Crime Fiction is not reflective of the society in which these movies are set. People do not read books or watch movies about an old lady having her purse stolen or a car speeding on a country lane. Crime fiction is a form of release for the masses in which they can enter into and watch a heroic character solve an insolvable crime or to overcome unbelievable odds in their quest for justice. The masses dont have to think about the outside world as they watch these heros succeed in their quests. The people who come to watch these movies or the ...

Tips for Salvaging Flood Damaged Photos, Papers Books

Tips for Salvaging Flood Damaged Photos, Papers Books When disasters hit, most people dont mourn the refrigerator or the couch but the loss of precious family photographs, scrapbooks, and memorabilia can be devastating. While it may seem as if theres nothing to be done when faced with piles of soggy, mud-spattered documents, pictures, and other paper items, saving at least some of them may be possible if you follow a few simple steps. How to Save Water-Damaged Photos Most printed photographs, photographic negatives, and color slides can be cleaned and air-dried using the following steps: Carefully lift the photos from the mud and dirty water. Remove them from water-logged albums and separate any that are stuck together, being careful not to rub or touch the wet emulsion of the photo surface.Gently rinse both sides of the photo in a bucket or sink filled with clear, cold water. Do not rub the photos, and change the water frequently.Time is of the essence, so as soon as you can arrange adequate space, lay each wet photo face-up on any clean blotting paper, such as a paper towel. Dont use newspapers or printed paper towels, as the ink may transfer to your wet photos. Change the blotting paper every hour or two until the photos dry. Try to dry the photos indoors if possible, as sun and wind will cause them to curl more quickly.If you dont have time to dry your damaged photos right away, rinse them to remove any mud and debris. Carefully stack the wet photos between sheets of wax paper and seal them in a zipper-type plastic bag. If possible, freeze the photos to inhibit d amage. This way, photos can be defrosted, separated, and air-dried when you have the time to do it properly. More Tips for Handling Water Damaged Photographs Try to get to flood-damaged photos within two days or they will begin to mold or stick together, making it much less likely they can be salvaged.Begin with photographs for which there are no negatives, or for which the negatives are also water damaged.Pictures in frames need to be saved when they are still soaking wet, otherwise, the photo surface will stick to the glass as it dries and you will not be able to separate them without damaging the photo emulsion. To remove a wet photo from a picture frame, keep the glass and photo together. Holding both, rinse with clear flowing water, using the water stream to gently separate the photo from the glass. Note: Some historical photographs are very sensitive to water damage and may not be recoverable. Older or valuable photographs should not be frozen without first consulting a professional conservator. You may also want to send any damaged heirloom photos to a professional photo restorer after drying. Other Paperwork Marriage licenses, birth certificates, favorite books, letters, old tax returns, and other paper-based items can usually be saved after a drenching. The key is to remove the dampness as quickly as possible, before mold  sets in. The simplest approach to salvaging water-damaged papers and books is to lay the damp items on blotting paper to absorb moisture. Paper towels are a good option, as long as you stick to the plain white ones without the fancy prints.  Avoid using newsprint since the ink may run. How to Save Water-Damaged Papers Books As with photos, most papers, documents, and  books can be cleaned and air-dried using the following steps: Carefully remove the papers from the water.If the damage is from dirty flood water, gently rinse the papers in a bucket or sink of clear, cold water. If they are especially fragile, try laying the papers on a flat surface and rinsing with a gentle spray of water.Lay the papers individually on a flat surface, out of direct sunlight. If the papers are soggy, put them in piles to dry out a bit before attempting to separate them. If space is a problem, you can string fishing line across a room and use it as you would a clothesline.Put an oscillating fan in the room where you are drying your papers to increase air circulation and speed the process.For water-logged books, the best option is to place absorbent paper between the wet pages (this is called interleaving) and then lay the books flat to dry. You dont have to place blotter paper  between  every page, just every 20-50 pages or so. Change the blotting paper every few hours.If you have wet papers or books that you just cant deal with right away, seal them in plastic zipper bags and stick them in the freezer. This helps to stop  the deterioration  of the paper and prevents mold from setting in. When cleaning up after a flood or water leak, remember that books and papers dont have to be directly in the water to suffer damage. The increased humidity is enough to trigger the growth of mold. Its important to remove books and papers from a wet location as soon as possible and move them to a location with fans and/or dehumidifiers to speed air circulation and lower humidity. After your papers and books are completely dry, they may still suffer from a residual musty smell. To combat this, place the papers in a cool, dry place for a couple of days. If the musty smell still lingers, put the books or papers in an open box and put that inside a larger, closed container with an open box of baking soda to absorb odors. Be careful not to let the baking soda touch the books, and check the box daily for mold. If your important papers or photos have developed mold and must be discarded, have them copied or digitally scanned before throwing them out.

Citibank Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Citibank Case Analysis - Essay Example It will be therefore a wise decision on the part of Citibank to launch its Credit card business in the Asia-Pacific region with full force. Such an approach is required in the early 1990s because; i. Since the era of gloabalisation is just taking shape, therefore for an international bank like Citibank having years of experience, it will be easier to convince the customers in the neo-liberalised markets. ii. Since a number of local banks and American Express are already in the market place with their own cards, it will be easier for Citibank to take a leaf out of their experiences and adopt an approach which takes due precaution in avoiding early losses. iii. In order to compete with American Express, it will be a wise decision on the part of Citibank to make its presence felt before Amex leaves an indelible imprint in the minds of the credit card customers in these markets. iv. No doubt economies of Asia-Pacific nations are less developed than those of US and Europe, but the economic turnaround in countries like Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines after the slowdown shows the resilience of these nations in fighting back the adverse conditions. v. The real market lies where there are more people. ... This search will bring them to Asia Pacific. Therefore the marketing efforts of these companies will be promoting the usage of credit cards. Citibank has to be there at the scene of action to reap the benefits. vi. Citibank has two pairs of experienced hands in Rana Talwar and Pei Chia to devise strategies for the local populace in India and China respectively. vii. In fact when Jaitirth Rao, country manager for India, says that, "launching a credit card with little infrastructure has great potential to be a major headache down the road", he is in fact being realistic in his approach and desired that Citibank must take this business rather seriously in India. Citibank has an upscale base. Its mission in Asia-Pacific region was to be the most profitable and preeminent provider of a wide array of financial services to an increasingly affluent upper and middle-income market, and to reach the rapidly growing middle income households in this region. It has its presence in 15 countries in varying degrees. For the time being the bank will serve its purpose if it continues to work on its mission and position the credit card for the upper-income segment and the rapidly growing middle-income households. This way the bank will get ample patronage and time to consolidate its card operations. If it is able to gain enough customers in this segment thereafter it can go for the lower-middle-income or lower-income group. Citibank is already active in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region, mainly in the banking business. Its credit cards are in use in Australia and Hong-Kong. Malaysia too has a variety of credit card options ranging from American Express to the local banks. In order to set a priority for fresh launches, Citibank will have to make sure

AWKERMAN v TRI-COUNTY ORTHOPEDIC GROUP, P.C., Essay

AWKERMAN v TRI-COUNTY ORTHOPEDIC GROUP, P.C., - Essay Example However, during one of the Plaintiff’s stay in one of the homes, he dropped a toy on his toe thus sustaining another bone fracture. This time, suspicions of child abuse were completely abandoned as doctors ultimately alluded to the initial diagnosis. The Plaintiff was then returned to his mother. The Plaintiff together with his mother sued for damages because of the charges of child abuse. The doctors were in the first count were charged with malpractice for failing to properly diagnose the Plaintiff’s disease and breaching the duty of care he was owed. In count II, the doctors were charged with breaching an express and/or implied duty to conform to Shawns care to the applicable standard of practice. In count III, both requested damages for wrongful child abuse reports and for proposing Shawns removal from his maternal parent’s custody. In the second count, the defendant was granted summary judgment of the complaint. In the same count, the Orthopedic Group of doctors were also granted summary judgment and Count III. The same order also granted partial summary judgment to the Count I but only a portion of it; specifically the part claiming damages due to the filed child abuse

From the Perspective of the Priest Child Abuser Essay Example for Free

From the Perspective of the Priest Child Abuser Essay The article â€Å"A Priest Child Abuser Speaks† from the book Slayer of the Soul was contributed by a priest who wishes to remain anonymous. He is a self-confessed child abuser during his priesthood, and by writing this, he wishes to share his experiences and his gradual climb back into society. He also believes that writing this article would provide a lesson for both the victimizers and their victims, and hopes that the victimizers would avoid committing such hideous wrongs towards their victims. In the article, the priest shares his journey of self-realization as he slowly vaporized the demon that was poisoning his soul and coercing him to do such crimes against children. The priest recalls that he was convicted for abusing children — sexually, psychologically, and emotionally — in the 1980s, and sentenced to 14 months in a minimum security facility. He believes that he was lucky, knowing that a similar child-abusing priest was sentenced for 20 years of hard labor. The priest mentions that life was tough for him both inside and outside of prison. He felt that a lot of people resented him for what he did to children, and believed that what happened was just a lie, no matter how true it was. Some officers, notably a lieutenant who hated him, bullied and toyed with him. Other prisoners were disgusted at his presence, refused to befriend him, or intimidated him often. For his size, he thought that he would not stand a chance, and he saw that avoiding conflict was the best solution. However, not all of these people resented him or was afraid of him. He recalls making some friends while in prison, ranging from guards to cell mates. They supported him and were sympathetic of him, especially at the time when the lieutenants abusive nature went a bit overboard. While in prison, he fought for the system to give him therapy for the â€Å"sickness† he believes that he was carrying. He won that appeal, and the court sent him to therapy twice a week. The Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (SLAA) provided the opportunity for him to realize the root from which this sickness stemmed. While trying to heal himself, he also experienced rejection from close friends and acquaintances. Life was certainly difficult for him who was branded as a â€Å"child abuser,† which is why he wanted to reform himself in order to reenter society. During his SLAA therapies, he recalled his childhood which was filled with fear, anxiety, misfortune, and harassment. It was at that time when he idolized his parish scoutmaster and weirdly fell in love with him, prompting him into having a sexual relationship with him. It was a very traumatic experience that he knew he had to pull out from. He deducted that this might be the root of his â€Å"sickness† all along, as it was reinforced by an authority figure that it was â€Å"okay† to do it. He was also searching for a father figure, since his real father abandoned him and his family, and his mother declared him as the head of the household. When he entered the parish, he wished to help the children who had no father figure and had an emotionally miserable life. Things boiled over, and pretty soon, he was sexually involved with these young boys. One boy told his parents, and this made him realize his mistake. He mustered the strength to tell their parents that they need immediate therapy, but was arrested in the process when one therapist told the police about him. When he finally got out of prison, he wanted to mend the ties with his family and clear things up with them. However, they failed to â€Å"hear him out,† which was the reason that drove him into an unstable state in the first place. He confronted his scoutmaster and felt betrayed by his insights on the issue involving child abuse, telling him that it was wrong while he was regretting the fact that he believed in his scoutmaster. The damage has been done to him, and he believes that he needs to accept the consequences of his actions and just move on. He mentions that it left a black hole in his life, upon which he was initially placing things to fill that void. However, he realized that it was not the right course of action as he was building his life around that hole, completely avoiding it. Thus, he wished to enter the ministry again in order to help others that are trapped in the same dark cell in which he broke out from, although not completely. The priest mentions that gradually, he was able to recover his life and reform himself into the person that everyone knew before the incident. He was also able to reenter society as himself once again. Hence, he wishes to share his experiences to the world through this article in order to let people know that victims could become victimizers themselves one day, if they are not treated immediately. References A priest child abuser speaks. (1990). In S. J. Rossetti (Ed. ), Slayer of the Soul: Child Abuse and the Catholic Church (pp. 99-111). Mystic, CT: Twenty-Third Publications.

Benefits and Inconvenience of a Globalized World Essay -- Globalization

The world has had several changed as well as the economy, technology and everything that represent advancement to the humanity. All these things today are being led by the globalization which is, in turn, the free market capitalism with the purpose to create advancement and integration for the world. It is important to say that globalization is neither good nor bad, but it is an idea that has been created for the world’s best. The problem of this idea is that, although it has brought great benefits, the results have been devastating. In terms of firms, the little businesses have been affected by the big ones, bringing as results the closure of them. In environmental issues, it has replaced the recreational area by industrial parks, which has increased the pollution. Globalization has also increased poverty and slum population, exploitation, inequality around the world. One of the principal purposes of globalization is to help businesses to improve in the marketplace. However, how come something that is supposed to bring development has turned into a problem for firms? Let us make an example, if you go to China and you are planning to buy a Chinese Food, but on your way to buy it, you are hit by a typical American fast food known as McDonald. In that moment, perhaps, you will feel more attracted by your home-country food than the foreign one. There is when globalization starts because in that moment, the place where you were going to buy the Chinese Food lost you as a client because of the competition. It is positive that globalization has opened its arms and torn down their barriers allowing business from another country to sell overseas. However, this free market capitalism has brought serious consequences to foreign businesses.... ...t without industrialization, the sources of jobs are limited. As a consequence, the unemployed population increase and the economy decrease as well. Davis claimed that â€Å"the Third World now contains many examples of capital-intensive countrysides and labor-intensive deindustrialized cities. â€Å"Overurbanization,† in other words, is driven by the reproduction of poverty, not by the supply of jobs† (Davis 16). To sum up, the globalization is not either good or bad but just an idea for the best of the world. It has brought industrialization, technological advancement, employment and development to the cities as well. Although globalization has been a source of good development, it also has had its disadvantages such as increment in poverty and slum population, exploitation, environmental problems, shut down of little business, and inequality around the world.

Nelson Mandela a Most Admired Hero Essay

Nelson Mandela is one of the best examples of heroes in contemporary times. He devoted his life to end the apartheid in South Africa. His struggle and devotion to this cause was so important that we could say that the international movement of solidarity with the struggle for freedom in South Africa was arguably the biggest social movement the world has seen. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on the 18th of July 1918 is a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black South African to hold the office, and the first elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalized racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the African National Congress and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the Afrikaner nationalists of the National Party came to power in 1948 and began implementing the policy of apartheid, he rose to prominence in the ANC’s 1952Defiance Campaign, was elected President of the Transvaal ANC Branch and oversaw the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961 but was found not guilty. Read more: The person I admire essay example Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the South African Communist Party he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) in 1961, leading a bombing campaign against government targets. In 1962 he was arrested, convicted of sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial. On 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison after 27 years spent in jail. Four years later, Mandela is elected the first black President of South Africa. His presidency faces enormous challenges in the post-Apartheid era, including rampantnpoverty and crime. Mandela is particularly concerned about racial divisions between black and white South Africans, which could lead to violence. The ill will which both groups hold towards each other is seen even in his own security detail where relations between the established white officers, who had guarded Mandela’s predecessors, and the black ANC additions to the security detail, are frosty and marked by mutual distrust. While attending a game of the Springboks, the country’s rugby union team, Mandela recognizes that the blacks in the stadium cheer against their â€Å"home† squad, as the mostly-white Springboks represent prejudice and apartheid in their minds. He remarks that he did the same while imprisoned on Robben Island. Knowing that South Africa is set to host the 1995 Rugby World Cup in one year’s time, Mandela persuades a meeting of the newly black-dominated South African Sports Committee to support the Springboks. He then meets with the captain of the Springboks rugby team, Franà §ois Pienaar, and implies that a Springboks victory in the World Cup will unite and inspire the nation. Mandela also shares with Franà §ois a British poem, â€Å"Invictus, which had inspired him during his time in prison. Franà §ois and his teammates train. Many South Africans, both black and white, doubt that rugby will unite a nation torn apart by some 50 years of racial tensions. For many blacks, especially the radicals, the Springboks symbolize white supremacy. Both Mandela and Pienaar, however, stand firmly behind their theory that the game can successfully unite the South African country. Things begin to change as the players interact with the fans and begin a friendship with them. During the opening games, support for the Springboks begins to grow among the black population. By the second game, the whole country comes together to support the Springboks and Mandela’s efforts. Mandela’s security team also grows closer as the various officers come to respect their comrades’ professionalism and dedication. The Springboks surpass all expectations and qualify for the final against The All Blacks—South Africa’s arch-rivals. New Zealand and South Africa were universally regarded as the two greatest rugby nations, with the Springboks being the only side to have a winning record against the All Blacks up to this point. The first test series between the two countries in 1921 was the beginning of an intense rivalry, with emotions running high whenever the two nations met on the rugby field. Before the game, the Springbok team visits Robben Island, where Mandela spent the first 18 of 27 years in jail. Franà §ois Pienaar mentions his amazement that Mandela â€Å"could spend thirty years in a tiny cell, and come out ready to forgive the people who put him there†. Supported by a large home crowd of both races, Pienaar motivates his team. Mandela’s security detail receives a scare when, just before the match, a South African Airways Boeing 747 jetliner flies in low over the stadium. It is not an assassination attempt though, but a demonstration of patriotism, with the message â€Å"Good Luck, Bokke† — the Springboks’ Afrikaans nickname — painted on the undersides of the plane’s wings. The Springboks win the match with a score of 15–12. Mandela and Pienaar meet on the field together to celebrate the improbable and unexpected victory. Mandela’s car then drives away in the traffic-jammed streets leaving the stadium. As Mandela watches the South Africans celebrating together from the car, his voice is heard reciting â€Å"Invictus†. Mandela has been a controversial figure for much of his life. Right-wing critics denounced him as a terrorist and communist sympathizer. He nevertheless gained international acclaim for his anti-colonial and anti-apartheid stance, having received more than 250 honors, including the 1993Nobel Peace Prize, the US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Order of Lenin. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata (â€Å"Father†); he is often described as â€Å"the father of the nation†.

Lord of the Flies Brings Abstract Idea Through Its Symbol Essay

God loads people with humanity and savagery. It depends on how people manage it in everyday life. It also shows in Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies. This story concerns to how people run the instinct to live such rules, peacefully, moral and value. The story begins when a group of English schoolboys isolated on an island after their plane has crashed during a war. They are Ralph, Piggy, Jack, Simon, Roger, Sam and Eric. They tried to survive until they could find by others. The conflict among them showed their personal characters; Ralph was chose as protagonist character, he was elected as a leader of the group and tried to handle his friends to build a miniature civilization on the island until they could be saved. In this story, Golding represented Ralph as person who had humanity instinct. Jack was antagonist character because through the story he showed barbarian instinct which is wild, savage, and brutish. Simon was represented as a good boy who had the willingness to work in the group. Piggy was symbolized as intellectual boy, Golding showed it in his appearance which is he wore an eyeglasses. Roger was like Jack, cruel boy who brutalized others. And the last, Sam and Eric, they are a pair of twins who had a lot of innocence. In the whole story, the reader can easily find that the narrative is built by so many symbols or we can say it allegory novel which is a story in which characters, setting and actions stand for something beyond themselves, such as abstract ideas, moral qualities and historical figures or events, in this case, story can be read in level of symbolic. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954, it seems that Golding had experienced to World War II when humanity and crime existed on it. It is possible that Golding tries to portray the conflict between evil and civilization on the story of Lord of Flies. The ideas of civilization and savagery appear in both characters Jack and Ralph. In the beginning of the novel, Ralph and Piggy found a conch shell, they decided to use that conch shell to gather the others after the crashed. The shell is being a symbol of civilization, which successfully head the group’s meetings, and for point who is the right to speak by holding its shell. It is safe to assume that the shell is symbol of democratic and to unite each other. But however when the shell loose its power and the boys came to savagery, it influenced among them. Many people who usually live or travel in the jungle believes that focusing the glasses on the sunlight may get a fire. It looks when the boys tried to make a fire by using the lenses from Piggy’s glasses. Golding looks as if he wants to picture Piggy as an intellectual boy among the other boys and the glasses as a symbol of it. Glasses is symbolized the power of science and intellectual attempt in society. Making the signal fire may help so that others can rescue them. Ralph had an idea to climb the mountain and made a smoke therefore if a ship came near the island, they could notice them. The signal fire can be one of symbol to connect to civilization. They want to be rescued and go back to society by making a sign. But when the fire goes low burned or even out, it may assume their desire to be rescued by other is helpless. In the end of the story, the signal fire isn’t a notice to a ship but a fire in the mountain forest as a part of Jack’s savagery to hunt Ralph. The fear of something imaginary leads them to savagely behavior. For the first time, the boys didn’t believe there was a beast on the island, but later on it frightened all of them because the existence of the beast was in their mind. When the boys are wilder the existence of the beast are more real. They consider it as a totemic god and surrender for it. The boy’s behavior brings the beast into existence so it seems like beast become real in soul of them. Golding may portray the beast as a symbol of savagery because the reader may consider it as a monster or evil that against with humanity. In a way, reading this novel is like seeing an adventure to find the existence of personal identity. Golding succeeds in portraying a conflict between humanity and savagery through his novel Lord of the Flies. Showing that God creates people with two sides; civilization and sin. It is a matter how people handle with it and discover the wisdom to know the difference.

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Managers of oil firms like Exxon should personally oversee that strict oil spill prevention and control policies, as recommended by government and non-profit environmental organizations, are implemented at all stages. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) greatly affected the animals and humans living there, the economy of Alaska (and the United States), and the environment in the surrounding areas, and the company Exxon was responsible for all this. It was March 1989 when the oil Tanker Exxon Valdez underwent an accident in Prince William Sound (PWS) in Alaska. (US Environmental Protection Agency, n.p.) This accident resulted in a massive oil spill, where more than 11 million gallons of crude oil leaked into the sea and no such oil spill had previously occurred in the history of the United States. (US Environmental Protection Agency, n.p.) A large number of features made the cleanup of this oil spill difficult. The scale and intensity of this oil spill and the remoteness of the site wer e noteworthy features that hindered the efforts of cleanup teams. This was a real test of existing contingency plans for such situations. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this oil spill threatened the commercial fishing business in the area. (US Environmental Protection Agency, n.p.) Moreover, several types of fishes, mammals, birds, and other animals were in danger too because of this oil spill. Alyeska, an organization that represented Exxon, started to cleanup the oil spill. (US Environmental Protection Agency, n.p.) To avoid damage to the ecosystems, some steps were taken to save sensitive surroundings from the effects of the oil spill. Vulnerable environments were recognized and prioritized. However, the effects on the surroundings, especially on animals, were devastating. The means required for a successful cleanup were missing, and necessary resources could not be brought to the accident site in time. Oil ingestion, exposure to oil, and scarcity of edible resources led to a large number of deaths in both mammals and birds. As a reaction to the EVOS accident, Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. This Act necessitated that the Coast Guards should ensure oil vessels and oil firms are following the regulations and rules in this regard. Nowadays, tank hulls are used, which improve the safety of oil vessels in case there is an accident that can cause oil spill. Moreover, due to advancements in technology, communications during navigation have also improved, which makes navigation in seas more secure. Major Effects of the Oil Spill Archaeological Resources Over 3,000 archaeological and historically significant sites were damaged by the oil spill. The clean-up process, pillaging and harm caused by the oil spill all contributed to the destruction twenty four other well known public archaeological sites. The damage assessment survey conducted after the accident was only restricted to public land. Other archeological sites which were on private property also received significant damage. However, the final report was not planned to indentify all of them. Apart from oil contamination caused by the spill, other Reported damages included surface artifacts looting, masking of subtle clues used to identify and classify sites, abuse of ancient burial locations, and destruction of evidence in layered sediments. Designated Wilderness Areas Wilderness or Wilderness Study Areas was the designation of the spill affected waters and tidelands given by Congress or the Alaska State Legislature. In 1989-1990, a huge cleaning process began in the area. A variety of hardware and a huge workforce were employed from different parts of the country. This process caused a drastic and extraordinary increase in population, noise and activities in that quite and undeveloped countryside. By the end of the process, the human concentration and activities in the area went back to its former level. Yet, however, lingering oil is still being witnessed at some sites. Quantitative investigations of lingering oil are still lacking, however, over time, the amount of oil that was left behind after the clean up process is reducing, and the affected areas are in the recovering process. The affected areas were: designated wilderness in the Katmai National Park, wilderness study areas in the Chugach National Forest and Kenai Fjords National Park, and Kachemak Bay Wilderness State Park. Intertidal Communities More than 1,400 miles in Prince William Sound, the Kenai and Alaska peninsulas and in Kodiak Archipelago were badly affected by the oil spill. Around 220 miles of this coastline were heavily affected. Exxon carried around 11 million gallons of crude oil. Researchers believe that about 40-45 percent of the total shipment was washed ashore in the intertidal area. Both the plants and animals living in that environment were significantly affected by the spill that occurred in 1989 and also by the cleaning process that followed in 1990 and 1991. The initial impact covered the entire tidal levels and the complete set of habitats all over the affected site. Residue toxicity testing, documenting abundance and distribution of intertidal organisms and sampling ecological parameters of community structure were all part of the evaluation conducted to examine the spill effects. Blue mussels, periwinkles, oligochaete worms, speckled limpet, common rockweed and several barnacle species were all among the main type of algae and invertebrates that were directly harmed by the spill. At the same time, the normal level of sediment organisms and calm densities decreased. On the treated beaches, a number of moribund calms were found dead. However, the later effects are mainly due to the combination of hot washing water and the oil toxicity. The density and biomass of fish in the affected sites was also decreased as shown by studies conducted in the area against reference figures recorded before 1990. Commercial Fishing Commercial fishing operations suffered huge losses as a result of the spills impact on the fish concentration in the affected waters and also due to the emergency fishing ban that followed the incident. Fishing for salmon, herring, crab, shrimp, rockfish and sablefish was banned in 1989 all over Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, the outer Kenai coast, Kodiak and the Alaska Peninsula. The ban on Shrimp and salmon commercial fisheries was extended through 1990 in some parts of Prince William Sound. Passive Use Passive use is the admiration of the artistic and natural values of undisturbed sites and the value is a resultant from plainly realizing the resource existence. Damages to passive use are coupled to civic view of damaged resources. The oil spill disaster affected an area considered by the majority of Americans as an undisturbed territory.   The disaster cause great damage to beaches, wild and sea life. Around $2.8 billion are the estimated losses suffered by passive use as a result of the oil spill. This figure was estimated by the state of Alaska and it reflects how much the people are ready to pay in order to protect that territory and prevent another similar accident from occurring in the future. Recreation and Tourism As a result of the oil spill, tourism and recreational access to the affected areas was restricted. Tourism activities in Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet and the Kenai Peninsula were reduced to minimum. Finishing and hunting activates were banned. Access to beaches was also frozen. Tourism shifted from the affected areas to those areas that were safer and as a result, some of the sites lost their old glory. Subsistence The local fifteen main Alaskan native inhabitants who lived in the oil spill affected locality (with a total population of about 2,200 people) relied entirely on natural resources for their daily life. The disaster affected all the available food and water resources which in turn affected the living conditions of the local communities and raised concerns regarding possible health damage that may arise as a result of eating oiled fish, drinking or even bathing in contaminated water. The clean up process that followed the incident also affected the local life style and comfort. Results from Various Researches The crude oil effects on fishes and other living organisms were lead by the Auke Bay Laboratory and its staff. This laboratory, which was established in 1973, was involved in studying similar ever since its establishment. Immediately after the incident, the lab was also involved in studying the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). The effects of the oil spill on wild and sea life were examined by the ABL. The lab also monitored the oil level in the territory. Today, after more than 14 years, oil is still impacting the life of the affected areas. Salmon and herring fisheries never returned and the fabric of the bionetwork is still out of sync. The deaths of aquatic mammals and birds resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill are far greater than the deaths in any other such incident. A few species were already becoming extinct before the incident; so the oil spill accelerated the extinction for such species. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC) examined around 26 classes of animals (including birds), and only 2 out these 26 classes had recovered till 1999 (ten years after the oil spill). According to Dr. Michael Fry, an authority on seabirds, The Exxon Valdez spill killed nearly ten times as many birds as any other U.S. or European oil spill. The oil spill led to the death of approximately 500,000 birds. Remains on the beaches were found for more than 30,000 birds that belonged to the 90 classes of birds affected by this oil spill. Even then, as noted by Piatt, Lensick, Bulter, Kendziorek, and Nysewander (1990), the real number of marine birds that died was far greater than this 30,000 figure. And the impacts on marine birds did not fade away sooner. Even in the article by Miller in 1999, it is evident that impacts on birds were continuous and also reduced the reproduction in these birds. Fishes also died because of this oil spill. However, the most noteworthy effect on fishes was the long-lasting negative impact on their spawning and rearing environment. Exxons Statement According to the official website of ExxonMobil, The environment in Prince William Sound is healthy, robust and thriving. Thats evident to anyone whos been there, and it is also the conclusion of many scientists who have done extensive studies of the Prince William Sound ecosystem. However, independent studies show that this claim is wrong, as discussed in this paper. According to Page et. al (1996), researchers who were sponsored by Exxon have frequently rejected the proof of continuous impacts of the EVOS to the wildlife. Exxon’s denial of the negative impact of the EVOS is highly unethical and unprofessional. It is also against the concept of corporate social responsibility, which is a major trend in contemporary organizations worldwide. Companies like Exxon should pay attention to corporate social responsibility practices. If such an incident happens, it becomes the company’s ethical, social and professional responsibility to make a formal apology to the whole nation. The responsible personnel should be fired and compensation should be given to all people affected by the incident. Moreover, the company should also pay additional funds to researchers who are studying in this field, so that such incidents can be better prevented and controlled in future too. Recommendations and Conclusion Oil firms like Exxon should realize that the effects of a single oil spill can be devastating for people, animals, marine life, and the environment for a long, long time. Considering this, the managers of oil firms should be aware of the recommendations and suggestions like that government bodies and non-profit environmental organizations give in this regard. This is the ethical and professional responsibility of all oil firms, especially those that transfer oil in bulk volumes. A proper system should be made to educate all concerned employees about the consequences of oil spills on humans, animals, and environment. Similarly, all employees should know how they can play their part in preventing oil spills. This should be given top priority and formal training should be given to employees regarding this matter. Finally, the top management should personally administer the implementation of oil spill prevention strategies and actions. One more thing is that although firms have contingency plans, they rarely practically test such plans. It is necessary to test contingency plans to see if they are still effective or not. In addition, as technological and environmental changes occur, such plans should be revised accordingly to reflect the latest techniques that can be used to control oil spills. The recommendations of government and non-profit environmental organizations should be utilized here too. Oil spill prevention and control procedures must be formally defined by oil firms as these steps will more likely stop oil spills from happening.

How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives

How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives How to Test for Coordinate and Noncoordinate Adjectives By Mark Nichol One of the ways adjectives can be categorized is to determine whether they are coordinate or noncoordinate adjectives. This distinction is important, because it dictates whether two or more consecutive adjectives are separated by punctuation. For many writers, however, deciding which category an adjective belongs to can be a challenge. Fortunately, two simple tests are available to help writers know how to treat strings of adjectives. First, if two or more adjectives are separated by commas, can and substitute for each comma? Because each of the three adjectives in the sentence â€Å"The pale, gaunt, sepulchral figure seemed to float above the floor† independently describe the figure, the sentence can be revised to read â€Å"The pale and gaunt and sepulchral figure seemed to float above the floor.† And though English observes a natural sequence of types of descriptive words called the royal order of adjectives, these words are all visually descriptive, so the sequence can be reversed without affecting comprehension: â€Å"The sepulchral, gaunt, and pale figure seemed to float above the floor.† These adjectives are coordinate, and they should be separated by commas. However, in the sentence â€Å"Her thin green cashmere sweater did little to keep her from shivering,† each adjective builds on the next: â€Å"cashmere sweater,† â€Å"green cashmere sweater,† â€Å"thin green cashmere sweater.† In addition, one would not write, â€Å"Her cashmere green thin sweater did little to keep her from shivering,† because that sequence violates the royal order of adjectives. Therefore, the adjectives are noncoordinate, and no punctuation should intervene. Use these tests to determine which of the following sentences include coordinate adjectives and which contain noncoordinate adjectives: 1. The object is a small, platinum and iridium cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram. Small describes the nature of a cylinder made of platinum and iridium, so that word is not equivalent to the other adjectives, nor would the sentence be written, â€Å"The object is a platinum and iridium small cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram†: â€Å"The object is a small platinum and iridium cylinder weighing exactly one kilogram.† 2. Uber has been dogged by controversy on the road to becoming one of the most valuable, privately funded companies in the world. The modifiers â€Å"valuable† and â€Å"privately funded† are not equivalent- one would not write that the company is â€Å"valuable and privately funded† or that it is â€Å"privately funded and valuable.† A privately funded company is being described as one of the most valuable such companies in the world, so no punctuation should intervene between the adjective valuable and the descriptive phrase â€Å"privately funded companies†: â€Å"Uber has been dogged by controversy on the road to becoming one of the most valuable privately funded companies in the world.† 3. The battered, clanking, smoking vehicle lumbered along the road. The three adjectives preceding vehicle are all sensory and are thus coordinate, so punctuation is correctly employed in this sentence: â€Å"The battered, clanking, smoking vehicle lumbered along the road.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times"Have" vs "Having" in Certain ExpressionsWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

SWOT analysis on Apple company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SWOT analysis on Apple company - Research Paper Example SWOT Analysis Strength Apple has been known for its innovation strategy and is one of the most successful companies. The company is known for its innovation, its unique ability to design and develop the company’s operating systems. The strength of the company lies in providing the customers with new product and solutions with a superior ease of use. The company investment in the research and development along with marketing and advertisement also adds on to the list of its strength (Apple Inc.-a, 2011, p.1). The company products are in high demand for example, sale of iPod increased and about 100 million iPods were sold making it the fastest selling music player in history (Apple Inc.-b, 2011). The sale of its notebooks products are also very strong and represent a huge contribution to Apple’s income. Apple is one of the most influential and established brand in the world and thus has a set of loyal customers who advocates the brand. The brand not only attracts new cust omers but also retains them. Weaknesses It was reported that Apple iPod Nano had faulty screen. Apple has admitted that there was problem with its new iPod Nano due to a manufacturing problem. The company claims that this problem has affected less than a 10th of 1% of all the Nanos shipped (BBC News, 2005). The music industry have demanded to increase the price of its music downloaded file as many of the music industry makes money from iTunes rather than from the sales of the original CDs. According to Steve Jobs, Apple has made a sale of more than half a billion songs with its iTune Music store capturing about 82% of the market share in US (Cohen & MacCentral, 2005). The product life cycle of the products of Apple is very short and thus revenues depend on the launch of new products and services. Market share of Apple is behind from its competitors such as Microsoft. Opportunities As more and more consumers are getting individualistic and conscious about a brand, Apple’s oppo rtunity is to target those set of consumers. Apple can introduce more new models to cater to the needs of its customers. Apple has an opportunity to develop its iTunes into mobile phone format. Downloads could be available through USB cables, new technology and strategic alliances which would offer a wide opportunities for Apple. The music can be downloaded from Podcasts and played on the iPods where the listener can subscribe for free and revenue can be generated from sales of various other downloads. Another opportunity lies with Apple is with the company’s smart phones. At present Samsung has outshines Apple smart phone thus giving an opportunity to Apple to come up with new features and capture the market share (Whitney, 2011). Since the PC and mobile industry is growing at a steady rate, thus Apple being one of the successful brands has a wide opportunity to explore and expand itself into other countries such as into Asia. There has been an increase in the demand for onl ine music and other applications such as the cloud making a room for Apple to expand into these sectors and generate high revenue. Threats The biggest threat for Apple comes from the high level of competition from the technology markets. A successful market attracts competitors and Apple works hard on its Research and Development and in its marketing tool to retain its competitive position. The popularity of

A report on your own IMC for the launch of a Renault car into a Essay

A report on your own IMC for the launch of a Renault car into a country of your choice - Essay Example The total German auto market improved to 832,222 cars in the Q1 of 2014, which was an increase of 6.8%, while the registration of new passenger vehicles increased by 5.6% in the same period (autonews.com, 2013: p1). This report details the marketing communication mix design and implementation for the launch of the Renault Clio in Germany. The objective of Renault’s advertising in Germany will be to communicate a repositioning message regarding the stylishness and safety of the Renault Clio. The Renault Clio has novel designs, coupled with vibrant colours (autospeedmarket.com, 2010: p1), which other safety cars in Germany lack. Because the German market has preferences for other brands of safety cars, it will be important to effectively target the audience by generating top-of-the-mind recall for the car in the safe passenger car category. The Renault Laguna II vehicle was one of the first cars to pass the safety test, which enhanced its popularity in the German market where the consumer trends have shown a preference for safety cars (ixpos.de, 2013: p1). The Renault Clio was voted among the most trustworthy, credible, and safe cars in Europe, while also being praised for its comfort. Moreover, the Renault Clio is more novel and trendy compared to German made cars like BMW. The increase in the registration of n ew passenger cars by 5.6% in 2014, coupled with safety-status accorded to the Clio in Europe, provides an opportunity for Renault in a safety-conscious country (autotrader.co.uk, 2013: p1). Given the safety-concept trend in the German car industry, in the recent past by consumers of passenger vehicles, Renault should communicate the safety message for the Clio to build brand conviction. The company should also position its car in a way that shows its suitability for young families, which will mean targeting the young German mother aged between twenty five and thirty five years